Editing Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual/Introduction

INTRODUCTION 


== OPENING REMARKS ==

r-^ST5^.« OYSTER I OUS ABOUT 

; T IS N0 MORE THAN OBTAINING NEEDED — ION FROM 

' subjects. these hay be prisoners oe war. defectors. 
r Efu gees. illegal immigrants, agents or suspected 
in t E lligence AGENTS ATTEMPTING to operate in v^r 

COUNTRY , 

„ UA<S nprotlE CONTROVERSIAL 

B the ART OF -questioning- has becom 
IN NANY PARTS of THE WORLD. THIS is BECAUSE IN 
COUNTRIES, THE TERM -QUESTIONING" HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED 
wtTH THE USE OP TORTURE TO OBTAIN ,NPOR«ATION. 

£VE RY MANUAL I HAVE READ ON "QUESTIONING"* STATES THAT. 

itrrT UNDER TORTURE IS 

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A SU 

uri i c A Y WHATEVER. HE 

hot reliable, that the subject lull -a 
thinks you want to HEAR JUST TO. AVI 

PUNISHMENT , 

' nrnc THE FRENCH ARMY USED 

_ T UC aaTTLE OF ALGIERS, ' 

OURING THE BATTLt ur . 

' torture TO neutralise a terrorist group within 
matter oe months, unfortunately, along with the 
hundreds oe terrorists that were arrested and 
-tortured, so WERE hundreds op innocent civilians. 

SOCIETY SIMPLY WILL NOT CONDONE THIS. 

C. THE ROUTINE USE OF TORTURE LOWERS THE MORAL 
CALIBER OF THE ORGANIZATION THAT USES IT AND CORRUPTS 
THOSE THAT RELY ON IT AS THE QUICK AND EASY WAY OUT. .. 
WE STRONGLY DISAGREE WITH THIS APPROACH AND INSTEAD 
EMPHASIZE THE USE -OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES DESIGNED 
TO PERSUADE THE SUBJECT TO WANT TO FURNISH US WITH THE • 
INFORMATION WE DESIRE. 

D. SUCCESSFUL “QUESTIONING" IS BASED UPON A 
KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND UPON THE USE OF' 
PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO 
UNDERSTAND. WE WILL BE DISCUSSING TWO TYPES OF 
TECHNIQUES, COERCIVE AND NON-COERCI VE. WHILE WE SS 

P £PLOrf?£. 

THE USE OF COERCIVE TECHNIQUES, WE DO WANT. 

so NAY /hVo<i> 

TO MAKE YOU AWARE OF THEM AND-THEWT^QPEfTH^A^P-TS^USE 


THEM. 

E. PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE CONDUCTED, CONSIDERABLE 
RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS THAT ARE CLOSELY RELATED .TO 
COERCIVE “QUESTIONING". DURING THIS COURSE WE yiLL 
DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS AS THEY RELATE TO 
"QUESTIONING": 

1 ■ REACTIONS. TO PAIN AND FEAR. 

2. THE EFFECTS OF DEBILITY AND ISOLATION. 

3 * 


== HYPNOSIS AND NARCOSIS ==


keep in mind '"turn around" here! 
F. WHAT WE ARE EMPHASIZING THROUGHOUT THIS COURSE IS 
THAT "QUESTIONING* IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING 
THE INTERACTION OF TWO PERSONALITIES - THAT ‘ OF THE 
QUESTIONER AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT- IT MUST BE WELL • 
PLANNED - FROM THE TIME THE SUBJECT IS ARRESTED 
THROUGH THE QUESTIONING PROCESS TO THE FINAL 
DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT. 


== ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS ==

=== SCHEDULE AND. HOURS ===

1. TWO 'WEEKS OF LECTURES. IN THE CLASSROOM 

2. ONE OR TWO WEEKS OF PRACTICAL WQRK WITH 
PRISONERS, AT WHICH TIME THE CLASS WILL BE 
DIVIDED INTO 3 OR 4 MAN TEAMS. 




=== SCOPE OF INSTRUCTION ===

1. THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE 

2. LIAISON RELATIONSHIPS 

3. USE OF INTERPRETERS 

4. SELECTION OF “QUESTIONERS* 

5. DESIGN MANAGEMENT OF A FACILITY 
6- ARREST Ic HANDLING OF SUBJECTS 


7; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF SUBJECTS 
8. PRINCIPLES FOR PLANNING & CONDUCTING THE 


=== QUESTIONING ===


Y. NON-COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES 



COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES AN & 

~fN£y SUov.Lt> Ho~r (g£ US&b . 

=== REPORT WRITING ===


A— 3 


c. STUDENT QUESTIONS OR^OitNENTS 

"reEL~FEES - TO _ Si<E COMMENTS, RELATE PERSONAL 
-■ • EXPERIENCES, OR ASK QUESTIONS AT ANY TIME OURING 

THE COURSE. OCCASIONALLY ME MAY ONLY GIUE YOU A 
BRIEF ANSWER BECAUSE SOME TOPICS WILL BE MORE 
FULLY COVERED OURING A LATER CLASS. 

D. USE OF VIDEO CAMERA 

~W£ WILL BE VIDEO RECORDING PORTIONS OF YOUR 
PRACTICAL EXCERCISES. THE VIDEO NOT ONLY ALLOWS 
YOU TO REVIEW YOUR QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES BUT 
ALSO TO STUDY THE REACTIONS OF THE SUBJECTS 
DURING THE QUESTIONING. 

III. DEFINITIONS 

TcTlNSURE THAT WE ALL UNDERSTAND THE TERMS WHICH WE 
WILL BE USING THROUGHOUT THE COURSE HERE ARE A FEW 
DEFINITIONS: 

A. INFORMATION - RAW DATA WHICH IS OBTAINED FROM A 
VARIETY OF SOURCES: RUMORS, INFORMANTS. PRISONERS, 

ETC. IT MAY BE ACCURATE OR INACCURATE. 

e. INTELLIGENCE - THE RESULT OF AN ANALYSIS OF ALL 
THE INFORMATION OBTAINED CONCERNING A GIVEN SUBJECT. 


A— 4 


A- 4 


A- 5 


A- 6 


A- 7 


- ' OBTAINING INFORMATION BY DIRECT 
c , "QUESTIONING - OBTAIN! wo 

orrt^OM UNDER CONDITIONS FULLY OR 

questioning of a psbson unub 

PARTIALLY CONTROLLED SV THE -QUSSTIOMER-- OB BELtEVED 
BY THAT PERSON TO BE UNDER the -QUESTIONER'S- CONTROL. 

‘ ,s „SUALLY RESERVED FOR SUBJECTS WHO ARE 

“QUESTIONING” IS USUALLY 

SUSPECT, RESISTANT OR BOTH. 

0 "QUESTIONER- - « PERSON TRAINED AND EXPERIENCED 

IN TH E ART OP EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM A SUBJECT IN 
RESPONSE TO EXPLICIT REQUIREMENTS. the SUBJECT MAY BE 
EITHER COOPERATIVE OR RESISTANT. 

£ . " QUEST I ON I NG" FACILITY - A BUILDING OB SERIES OF 

BUILOINGS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE detention AND 
..OUESTIONING- OP SUBJECTS WITH A VIEW TOWARD OBTAINING 
HAXIMUM COOPERATION. THIS WILL INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL. 
PHYSICAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROLS. 

F . lNTE RVIEU - OBTAINING INFORMATION. NOT USUALLY 

nT-rmNS BY QUESTIONING A PERSON 
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. 

WHO [S AWARE OP THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE HIS_ 

THF SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF THE 

answers but not aware of 

INTERVIEWER- 

' a qebRIEF I NG - OBTAINING INFORMATION BY QUESTIONING 

CONTROLLED. LnO SOMETIMES WITTING. SUBJECT « . « 

NORMALLY WILLING TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED INFORMA. 10- 



H * ELICITATION - OBTAINING INFORMATION WITHOUT 
REVEALING THE INTENT OR EXCEPTIONAL INTEREST OF THE 
QUESTIONER, THROUGH A VERBAL. OR WRITTEN EXCHANGE WITH 
A SUBJECT WHO MAY OR MAY NOT BE WILLING TO PROVIDE IT 
IF HE KNEW THE TRUE PURPOSE. ' • ' ' 

l ' CONTROL - THE CAPACITY TO CAUSE OR CHANGE CERTAIN- 
TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY IMPLYING OR USING PHYSICAL 
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS TO INDUCE COMPLIANCE. 

COMPLIANCE MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY. 


CONTROL CAN RARELY BE ESTABLISHED WITHOUT CONTROL OF 
THE ENVIRONMENT. BY CONTROLLING THE SUBJECT'S 
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, WE WILL BE ABLE TO CONTROL HIS 
PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF MIND. 


REQUIREMENTS - THE WRITTEN DETAILED DEHAND FROM 
VARIOUS -CUSTOMER AGENCIES FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR 
FOR SPOTTING OF POTENTIAL ASSETS. 


K. SUBJECT - A PERSON 
INFORMATION OF VALUE TO 


BELIEVED TO POSSESS 

THE SERVICE QUESTIONING HIM. 


BONAFIDES - EVIDENCE OR RELIABLE INFORMATION 
REGARDING A SUBJECT-S I DENT ITY, PERSONAL HISTORY, AND 
INTENTIONS OF GOOD FAITH. 


sc:reen ing - THE preliminary interviewing of a 

SUBJECT TO obtain BIOGRAPHIC AND OTHER BACKGROUND 
INFORMATION. 



8. COLLECTION 

thisTs'where -questioning- fits into the cycle. 

COLLECTION ALSO INCLUDES OTHER SOURCES SUCH AS: 
RESEARCH, BOOKS AND MAGAZINES, PICTURES, 

NEWSPAPERS, ETC. COLLECTION ONLY PRODUCES 
INFORMATION, NOT INTELLIGENCE. 

C. PROCESSING 

IN ORDER TO BE PROCESSED, THE INFORMATION MUST BE 
ACCURATELY RECORDED. THEN IT MUST BE EVALUATED 
AS TO ITS RELEVANCE TO THE REQUIREMENTS AND THE 
RELIABILITY OF THE SOURCE. LASTLY IT MUST BE 
ANALYZED TO DETERMINE ITS SIGNIFICANCE WITH 
RESPECT TO OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC. 

D. DISSEMINATION 

THE - PR0CESSED INFORMATION IS NOW INTELLIGENCE AND 
MUST BE DISSEMINATED IN A TIMELY MANER TO SOMEONE 
WHO CAN ACT UPON IT. THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT . 
WHICH IS DISSEMINATED WILL THEN GENERATE 
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND THE 
CYCLE BEGINS ALL OVER AGAIN. 




N. ASSESSMENT - THE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHQLOG I CAL 
AND 8 1 QGRAFH I CAL DATA ABOUT A SUBJECT FOR THE PURPOSE 
--OF MAKING AN APPRAISAL. THE SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES WHICH 
WILL BE USED DURING THE "QUESTIONING" WILL DEPEND UPON 
THE ASSESSMENT. 

IV. THE CYCLE OF INTELLIGENCE 

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE CONSISTS OF FOUR PHASES AND CAN 
BE REPRESENTED AS A CIRCLE BECAUSE IT HAS NO BEGINNING 

OR END. 

A. REQUIREMENTS 

THE DEMAND FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION 
ESTABLISHES PURPOSE AND DIRECTION FOR CONDUCTING 
THE "QUESTIONING". THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF 
REQUIREMENTS: 

1. STANDING REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION 
CONCERNING THREATS AGAI.NST GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, 
SUBVERSIVE GROUPS, TERRORIST ACTIONS, ARMED 
ATTACK. 

2. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION 
CONCERNING A TOPIC ABOUT WHICH A SUBJECT HAS 
SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS SCIENTIFIC OR 
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.