Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual/Introduction

INTRODUCTION

OPENING REMARKS

r-^ST5^.« OYSTER I OUS ABOUT

T IS N0 MORE THAN OBTAINING NEEDED — ION FROM

' subjects. these hay be prisoners oe war. defectors. r Efu gees. illegal immigrants, agents or suspected in t E lligence AGENTS ATTEMPTING to operate in v^r

COUNTRY ,

„ UA<S nprotlE CONTROVERSIAL

B the ART OF -questioning- has becom IN NANY PARTS of THE WORLD. THIS is BECAUSE IN COUNTRIES, THE TERM -QUESTIONING" HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED wtTH THE USE OP TORTURE TO OBTAIN ,NPOR«ATION.

£VE RY MANUAL I HAVE READ ON "QUESTIONING"* STATES THAT.

itrrT UNDER TORTURE IS

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A SU

uri i c A Y WHATEVER. HE

hot reliable, that the subject lull -a thinks you want to HEAR JUST TO. AVI

PUNISHMENT ,

' nrnc THE FRENCH ARMY USED

_ T UC aaTTLE OF ALGIERS, '

OURING THE BATTLt ur .

' torture TO neutralise a terrorist group within matter oe months, unfortunately, along with the hundreds oe terrorists that were arrested and -tortured, so WERE hundreds op innocent civilians.

SOCIETY SIMPLY WILL NOT CONDONE THIS.

C. THE ROUTINE USE OF TORTURE LOWERS THE MORAL CALIBER OF THE ORGANIZATION THAT USES IT AND CORRUPTS THOSE THAT RELY ON IT AS THE QUICK AND EASY WAY OUT. .. WE STRONGLY DISAGREE WITH THIS APPROACH AND INSTEAD EMPHASIZE THE USE -OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES DESIGNED TO PERSUADE THE SUBJECT TO WANT TO FURNISH US WITH THE • INFORMATION WE DESIRE.

D. SUCCESSFUL “QUESTIONING" IS BASED UPON A KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND UPON THE USE OF' PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND. WE WILL BE DISCUSSING TWO TYPES OF TECHNIQUES, COERCIVE AND NON-COERCI VE. WHILE WE SS

P £PLOrf?£.

THE USE OF COERCIVE TECHNIQUES, WE DO WANT.

so NAY /hVo

TO MAKE YOU AWARE OF THEM AND-THEWT^QPEfTH^A^P-TS^USE

THEM.

E. PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE CONDUCTED, CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS THAT ARE CLOSELY RELATED .TO COERCIVE “QUESTIONING". DURING THIS COURSE WE yiLL DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS AS THEY RELATE TO "QUESTIONING":

1 ■ REACTIONS. TO PAIN AND FEAR.

2. THE EFFECTS OF DEBILITY AND ISOLATION.

3 *

HYPNOSIS AND NARCOSIS

keep in mind '"turn around" here! F. WHAT WE ARE EMPHASIZING THROUGHOUT THIS COURSE IS THAT "QUESTIONING* IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING THE INTERACTION OF TWO PERSONALITIES - THAT ‘ OF THE QUESTIONER AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT- IT MUST BE WELL • PLANNED - FROM THE TIME THE SUBJECT IS ARRESTED THROUGH THE QUESTIONING PROCESS TO THE FINAL DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT.

ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS

SCHEDULE AND. HOURS

1. TWO 'WEEKS OF LECTURES. IN THE CLASSROOM

2. ONE OR TWO WEEKS OF PRACTICAL WQRK WITH PRISONERS, AT WHICH TIME THE CLASS WILL BE DIVIDED INTO 3 OR 4 MAN TEAMS.

SCOPE OF INSTRUCTION

1. THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

2. LIAISON RELATIONSHIPS

3. USE OF INTERPRETERS

4. SELECTION OF “QUESTIONERS*

5. DESIGN MANAGEMENT OF A FACILITY 6- ARREST Ic HANDLING OF SUBJECTS

7; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF SUBJECTS 8. PRINCIPLES FOR PLANNING & CONDUCTING THE

QUESTIONING

Y. NON-COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES

COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES AN &

~fN£y SUov.Lt> Ho~r (g£ US&b .

REPORT WRITING

A— 3

c. STUDENT QUESTIONS OR^OitNENTS

"reEL~FEES - TO _ Si<E COMMENTS, RELATE PERSONAL -■ • EXPERIENCES, OR ASK QUESTIONS AT ANY TIME OURING

THE COURSE. OCCASIONALLY ME MAY ONLY GIUE YOU A BRIEF ANSWER BECAUSE SOME TOPICS WILL BE MORE FULLY COVERED OURING A LATER CLASS.

D. USE OF VIDEO CAMERA

~W£ WILL BE VIDEO RECORDING PORTIONS OF YOUR PRACTICAL EXCERCISES. THE VIDEO NOT ONLY ALLOWS YOU TO REVIEW YOUR QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES BUT ALSO TO STUDY THE REACTIONS OF THE SUBJECTS DURING THE QUESTIONING.

III. DEFINITIONS

TcTlNSURE THAT WE ALL UNDERSTAND THE TERMS WHICH WE WILL BE USING THROUGHOUT THE COURSE HERE ARE A FEW DEFINITIONS:

A. INFORMATION - RAW DATA WHICH IS OBTAINED FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES: RUMORS, INFORMANTS. PRISONERS,

ETC. IT MAY BE ACCURATE OR INACCURATE.

e. INTELLIGENCE - THE RESULT OF AN ANALYSIS OF ALL THE INFORMATION OBTAINED CONCERNING A GIVEN SUBJECT.

A— 4

A- 4

A- 5

A- 6

A- 7

- ' OBTAINING INFORMATION BY DIRECT c , "QUESTIONING - OBTAIN! wo

orrt^OM UNDER CONDITIONS FULLY OR

questioning of a psbson unub

PARTIALLY CONTROLLED SV THE -QUSSTIOMER-- OB BELtEVED BY THAT PERSON TO BE UNDER the -QUESTIONER'S- CONTROL.

‘ ,s „SUALLY RESERVED FOR SUBJECTS WHO ARE

“QUESTIONING” IS USUALLY

SUSPECT, RESISTANT OR BOTH.

0 "QUESTIONER- - « PERSON TRAINED AND EXPERIENCED

IN TH E ART OP EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM A SUBJECT IN RESPONSE TO EXPLICIT REQUIREMENTS. the SUBJECT MAY BE EITHER COOPERATIVE OR RESISTANT.

£ . " QUEST I ON I NG" FACILITY - A BUILDING OB SERIES OF

BUILOINGS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE detention AND ..OUESTIONING- OP SUBJECTS WITH A VIEW TOWARD OBTAINING HAXIMUM COOPERATION. THIS WILL INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL. PHYSICAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROLS.

F . lNTE RVIEU - OBTAINING INFORMATION. NOT USUALLY

nT-rmNS BY QUESTIONING A PERSON UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.

WHO [S AWARE OP THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE HIS_

THF SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF THE

answers but not aware of

INTERVIEWER-

' a qebRIEF I NG - OBTAINING INFORMATION BY QUESTIONING

CONTROLLED. LnO SOMETIMES WITTING. SUBJECT « . « 

NORMALLY WILLING TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED INFORMA. 10-

H * ELICITATION - OBTAINING INFORMATION WITHOUT REVEALING THE INTENT OR EXCEPTIONAL INTEREST OF THE QUESTIONER, THROUGH A VERBAL. OR WRITTEN EXCHANGE WITH A SUBJECT WHO MAY OR MAY NOT BE WILLING TO PROVIDE IT IF HE KNEW THE TRUE PURPOSE. ' • ' '

l ' CONTROL - THE CAPACITY TO CAUSE OR CHANGE CERTAIN- TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY IMPLYING OR USING PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS TO INDUCE COMPLIANCE.

COMPLIANCE MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY.

CONTROL CAN RARELY BE ESTABLISHED WITHOUT CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENT. BY CONTROLLING THE SUBJECT'S PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, WE WILL BE ABLE TO CONTROL HIS PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF MIND.

REQUIREMENTS - THE WRITTEN DETAILED DEHAND FROM VARIOUS -CUSTOMER AGENCIES FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR FOR SPOTTING OF POTENTIAL ASSETS.

K. SUBJECT - A PERSON INFORMATION OF VALUE TO

BELIEVED TO POSSESS

THE SERVICE QUESTIONING HIM.

BONAFIDES - EVIDENCE OR RELIABLE INFORMATION REGARDING A SUBJECT-S I DENT ITY, PERSONAL HISTORY, AND INTENTIONS OF GOOD FAITH.

sc:reen ing - THE preliminary interviewing of a

SUBJECT TO obtain BIOGRAPHIC AND OTHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION.

8. COLLECTION

thisTs'where -questioning- fits into the cycle.

COLLECTION ALSO INCLUDES OTHER SOURCES SUCH AS: RESEARCH, BOOKS AND MAGAZINES, PICTURES,

NEWSPAPERS, ETC. COLLECTION ONLY PRODUCES INFORMATION, NOT INTELLIGENCE.

C. PROCESSING

IN ORDER TO BE PROCESSED, THE INFORMATION MUST BE ACCURATELY RECORDED. THEN IT MUST BE EVALUATED AS TO ITS RELEVANCE TO THE REQUIREMENTS AND THE RELIABILITY OF THE SOURCE. LASTLY IT MUST BE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE ITS SIGNIFICANCE WITH RESPECT TO OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC.

D. DISSEMINATION

THE - PR0CESSED INFORMATION IS NOW INTELLIGENCE AND MUST BE DISSEMINATED IN A TIMELY MANER TO SOMEONE WHO CAN ACT UPON IT. THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT . WHICH IS DISSEMINATED WILL THEN GENERATE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND THE CYCLE BEGINS ALL OVER AGAIN.

N. ASSESSMENT - THE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHQLOG I CAL AND 8 1 QGRAFH I CAL DATA ABOUT A SUBJECT FOR THE PURPOSE --OF MAKING AN APPRAISAL. THE SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES WHICH WILL BE USED DURING THE "QUESTIONING" WILL DEPEND UPON THE ASSESSMENT.

IV. THE CYCLE OF INTELLIGENCE

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE CONSISTS OF FOUR PHASES AND CAN BE REPRESENTED AS A CIRCLE BECAUSE IT HAS NO BEGINNING

OR END.

A. REQUIREMENTS

THE DEMAND FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION ESTABLISHES PURPOSE AND DIRECTION FOR CONDUCTING THE "QUESTIONING". THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF REQUIREMENTS:

1. STANDING REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION CONCERNING THREATS AGAI.NST GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, SUBVERSIVE GROUPS, TERRORIST ACTIONS, ARMED ATTACK.

2. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION CONCERNING A TOPIC ABOUT WHICH A SUBJECT HAS SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.